Alfonso x el sabio

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The little trade of his dominions was ruined, and the burghers and peasants were deeply offended. His nobles, whom he tried to cow by sporadic acts of violence, rebelled against him. His second son, Sancho, enforced his claim to be heir, in preference to the children of Ferdinand de la Cerda, the elder brother who died in Alfonso's life. Son and nobles alike supported the Moors, when he tried to unite the nation in a crusade; and when he allied himself with the rulers of Morocco they denounced him as an enemy of the faith.

A reaction in his favour was beginning in his later days, but he died defeated and deserted at Seville, leaving a will by which he endeavoured to exclude Sancho and a heritage of civil war. Pero que seja a gente d'outra lei [e] descreuda, os que a Virgen mais aman, a esses ela ajuda. Rose of beauty and fine appearance And flower of happiness and pleasure, lady of most merciful bearing, THE strange intelligence then reached my ears That in the land of Egypt lived a man, Who, wise of wit, subjected to his scan The dark occurrences of uncome years; Just as the name of the Virgin is beautiful to the virtuous, so against evil doers it is mighty and fearful.

Concerning this, a miracle happened in the land of Catalonia to a minstrel who sang well, with grace and ease, earning a good living, he came to lodge in the house of a greedy knight Just as the name of the Virgin is beautiful to the virtuous, Ca Eva nos tolleu Parays'e Deus Ave nos y meteu; porend', amigos meus Poems are the property of their respective owners.

All information has been reproduced here for educational and informational purposes to benefit site visitors, and is provided at no charge Alfonso X El Sabio. Cantiga De Santa Maria, No. Alfonso X commissioned or co-authored numerous works of music during his reign. These works included Cantigas d'escarnio e maldicer and the Cantigas de Santa Maria.

Among the most important of the works by Alfonso X was the celebrated Cantigas de Santa Maria "Songs to the Virgin Mary" , one of the largest collections of vernacular monophonic songs to survive from the Middle Ages. The Cantigas de Santa Maria consists of poems written in Galician-Portuguese with musical notation.

The poems are for the most part on miracles attributed to the Virgin Mary. Alfonso's eldest son, Ferdinand de la Cerda, Infante of Castile, died in , leaving two infant sons. Alfonso's second son, Sancho, claimed to be the new heir, in preference to the children of Ferdinand de la Cerda, basing his claim on an old Castilian custom, that of proximity of blood and agnatic seniority. Alfonso preferred to leave the throne to his grandsons, but Sancho had the support of the nobility.

A bitter civil war broke out resulting in Alfonso's being forced to accept Sancho as his heir instead of his young grandsons. Son and nobles alike supported the Moors when he tried to unite the nation in a crusade; and when he allied himself with Abu Yusuf Yakub, the ruling Marinid Sultan of Morocco, they denounced him as an enemy of the faith. A reaction in his favor was beginning in his later days, but he died defeated and deserted at Seville, leaving a will, by which he endeavored to exclude Sancho, and a heritage of civil war.

Because of her young age Violante was only years-old at the time of the marriage , she produced no children for several years and it was feared that she was barren. Alfonso almost had their marriage annulled, but they went on to have ten children:. Berengaria of Castile after She entered the convent in Las Huelgas, where she was living in Because he predeceased his father, his younger brother Sancho inherited the throne.

Alfonso X also had several illegitimate children. An illegitimate son, Martin, was Abbot of Valladolid. According to Ibn Khaldun, he is said to have been called the Baboso or Slobberer because he was subject to fits of rage during which he foamed at the mouth. Though he took a part in the work of the reconquest, this king is chiefly remembered for the difficulties into which his successive marriages led him with the Pope.

He was first married in to his cousin Teresa of Portugal, who bore him two daughters, and a son who died young. The marriage was declared null by the Pope; however, Alfonso paid no attention until he was presumably tired of his wife. His next step was to marry his second cousin, Berenguela of Castile, in For this act of contumacy, the king and the kingdom were placed under interdict.

The Pope was, however, compelled to modify his measures by the threat that, if the people could not obtain the services of religion, they would not support the clergy, and that heresy would spread. The king was left under interdict personally, but to that he showed himself indifferent, and he had the support of his clergy.

Eleanor left him after the birth of five children, and the king then returned to Teresa, to whose daughters he left his kingdom in his will. Blessed Sancha ca. His eldest daughter, Sancha, was engaged to her cousin King Henry I of Castile, but Henry died in before the marriage could be solemnized.

Wanting to disinherit his eldest son, Fernando, King Alfonso invited John of Brienne to marry his daughter Sancha and thus inherit the Leonese throne. However, Queen Berenguela convinced John of Brienne to marry one of her daughters instead. Though she was the nominal heiress on her father's death in , Sancha was easily set aside by Berenguela and Fernando. Sancha became a nun at Cozollos, where she died in ; she was later beatified. Her sister Dulce-Aldonza spent her life with their mother in Portugal.

Constanza May 1, or September 7, , became a nun at Las Huelgas, Burgos, where she died. Alfonso's children by Dona Teresa Gil de Soverosa ca. He also founded the University of Salamanca in He also was elected King of the Germans in He renounced his imperial claim in , and in creating an alliance with England in his claim on Gascony also.

Alfonso X fostered the development of a cosmopolitan court that encouraged learning. Jews, Muslims, and Christians had prominent roles in his court. As a result of his encouraging the translation of works from Arabic and Latin into the vernacular of Castile, many intellectual changes took place, perhaps the most notable being encouragement of the use of Castilian as a primary language of higher learning, science, and law.

Alfonso was a prolific author of Galician poetry, such as the Cantigas de Santa Maria, which are equally notable for their musical notation as for their literary merit. As a legislator he introduced the first vernacular law code in Spain, the Siete Partidas. He created the Mesta, an association of sheep farmers in the central plain, but debased the coinage to finance his claim to the German crown.

He fought a successful war with Portugal, but a less successful one with Granada. The end of his reign was marred by a civil war with his eldest surviving son, the future Sancho IV, which would continue after his death. People Projects Discussions Surnames. Geni requires JavaScript! Please enable JavaScript in your browser's settings to use this part of Geni.

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