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His sophisticated use of harmony, including the use of tritone substitutions , his virtuosic solos exhibiting a departure from the dominant style of jazz trumpet innovator Louis Armstrong , and his strong impact on Dizzy Gillespie mark him as one of the most influential musicians of the swing era and a precursor of bebop. Eldridge was born on the North Side of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on January 30, , to parents Alexander, a wagon teamster, and Blanche, a gifted pianist with a talent for reproducing music by ear, a trait that Eldridge claimed to have inherited from her.
When Roy began to play drums in his brother's band, Joe soon convinced him to pick up the trumpet, but Roy made little effort to gain proficiency on the instrument at first. Eldridge led and played in a number of bands during his early years, moving extensively throughout the American Midwest.
Eldridge left home after being expelled from high school in ninth grade, joining a traveling show at the age of sixteen; the show soon folded, however, and he was left in Youngstown, Ohio. At the age of 20, Eldridge led a band in Pittsburgh, billed as "Roy Elliott and his Palais Royal Orchestra", [15] the agent intentionally changing Eldridge's name because "he thought it more classy.
He laid down his first recorded solos with Teddy Hill in , which gained almost immediate popularity. It has been said that "from the mid-Thirties onwards, he had superseded Louis Armstrong as the exemplar of modern 'hot' trumpet playing". In the fall of , Eldridge moved to Chicago to form an octet with older brother Joe Eldridge playing saxophone and arranging. The ensemble boasted nightly broadcasts and made recordings that featured his extended solos, including " After You've Gone " and "Wabash Stomp.
In April , after receiving many offers from white swing bands, Eldridge joined Gene Krupa 's Orchestra, and was successfully featured with rookie singer Anita O'Day. One of Eldridge's best known recorded solos is on a rendition of Hoagy Carmichael 's tune, "Rockin' Chair" , arranged by Benny Carter as something like a concerto for Eldridge.
After complaints from Eldridge that O'Day was upstaging him, the band broke up when Krupa was jailed for marijuana possession in July Owing to racial incidents that he faced while playing in Shaw's band, he left in October to form a big band, [26] but this eventually proved financially unsuccessful, and Eldridge returned to small group work. In the postwar years, he became part of the group which toured under the Jazz at the Philharmonic banner. And Roy is so intense about everything, so that it's far more important to him to dare, to try to achieve a particular peak, even if he falls on his ass in the attempt, than it is to play safe.
That's what jazz is all about. Eldridge moved to Paris in while on tour with Benny Goodman , before returning to New York in to lead a band at the Birdland jazz club. He additionally performed from until the early s in small groups with Coleman Hawkins , Ella Fitzgerald and Earl Hines among others, and also began to record for Granz at this time. As the featured soloist in Artie Shaw and Gene Krupa's bands, Eldridge was something of an exception, as black musicians in the s were not allowed to appear in public with white bands.
Eldridge became the leader of the house band at Jimmy Ryan's jazz club on Manhattan 's West 54th Street for several years, beginning in I worried about his health, because the veins at his temples would bulge alarmingly. He had his home in Hollis, Queens. After suffering a heart attack in , Eldridge gave up playing. According to Roy, his first major influence on the trumpet was Rex Stewart , who played in a band with young Roy and his brother Joe in Pittsburgh.
Roy first developed his solo style by playing along to recordings of Coleman Hawkins and Benny Carter , and later said that, after hearing these musicians, "I resolved to play my trumpet like a sax. Eldridge was very versatile on his horn, not only quick and articulate with the low to middle registers, but the high registers as well; jazz critic Gary Giddins described Eldridge as having a "flashy, passionate, many-noted style that rampaged freely through three octaves, rich with harmonic ideas impervious to the fastest tempos.
His rapid-fire style was noted by jazz trumpeter Bill Coleman when Roy was as young as seventeen; when asked by Coleman how he achieved his speed, Eldridge replied: "Well, I've taken the tops off my valves and now they really fly. Bradford Robinson sums up his style of playing as exhibiting "a keen awareness of harmony , an unprecedented dexterity, particularly in the highest register, and a full, slightly overblown timbre , which crackled at moments of high tension.
Some of the great rhythmic drive of Eldridge's later trumpet exploits could be traced to his beginnings on the drums, which he began playing at age six. Eldridge's older brother Joe, who played alto saxophone, was his first teacher. In , Eldridge moved to New York, heading straight to Harlem where he gained work with a number of dance bands before joining the Teddy Hill band. By , Eldridge and saxophonist Chu Berry who would later join the Count Basie Orchestra were Hill's principal soloists, and after gigs they would go around town on cutting contests, challenging musicians to see who could play the best; with his lightning speed and awesome range, Eldridge rarely lost.
After Hill's band, Eldridge became the lead trumpeter in the Fletcher Henderson Orchestra, where his upper register abilities were highlighted. It didn't take long for Eldridge to exert himself as a bandleader, forming his own octet in in Chicago, a band that included his brother Joe. By the end of the s, after freelancing with a wide array of bands, Eldridge gained notice as one of the swing bands' most potent soloists.
In , he joined drummer Gene Krupa's band. Not only did he provide trumpet fireworks for Krupa's outfit, he also sang, recording a memorable duet with the band's female singer, Anita O'Day , on the tune "Let Me Off Uptown" in Later, after Krupa's band disbanded in and a period of freelancing, he toured with the Artie Shaw band in
It didn't take long for Eldridge to exert himself as a bandleader, forming his own octet in in Chicago, a band that included his brother Joe. By the end of the s, after freelancing with a wide array of bands, Eldridge gained notice as one of the swing bands' most potent soloists. In , he joined drummer Gene Krupa's band. Not only did he provide trumpet fireworks for Krupa's outfit, he also sang, recording a memorable duet with the band's female singer, Anita O'Day , on the tune "Let Me Off Uptown" in Later, after Krupa's band disbanded in and a period of freelancing, he toured with the Artie Shaw band in Then Eldridge led his own bands, usually small swing groups.
In , Norman Granz recruited Eldridge for his Jazz at the Philharmonic, an ideal situation since Eldridge was one of the ultimate jam session trumpeters. He toured briefly with Benny Goodman and took up residence in Paris in , where he made some of his most successful recordings. He made notable albums for Verve Records alongside Hawkins and continued freelancing and leading a house band at Jimmy Ryan's club in New York.
A stroke in stopped him from playing the trumpet, but Eldridge continued to make music as a singer and pianist until his death in I Can't Get Started. After You've Gone. Body And Soul. I Want To Be Happy. Forty Six West Fifty Two. Fish Market. Rockin' Chair. Let Me Off Uptown. Black And Blue. Mary Had A Little Lamb. Sittin' In. Stars Fell on Alabama. I'm Gonna Clap My Hands.
Don't Be That Way. After You' Ve Gone. Minor Jive. Embraceable You. Sweet Sue, Just You. The Gasser. Willow Weep For Me. I Missed My Hat. Blue Moon. All Of Me. What a little moonlight can do. All of Me. Fiesta in Brass. Makin' Whoopee. A Foggy Day. Blue Moon Live. Cheek To Cheek. I Want a Little Girl. I'm Getting Sentimental Over You. Louis Blues. Christopher Columbus.
Wabash stomp. I Don't Know. Les Tricheurs. Estrad swing Roy's got rhythm. I see everybody's baby. Warmin' up. Oh Shut Up! Fish Market Eldridge. The Man I Love. Hi Ho, Trailus Boat Whip. Undecided take 3-false start. The sad sack. Have You Met Miss Jones.
Stealin' Apples. The Ballad Medley
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David Roy Eldridge, nicknamed "Little Jazz", was an American jazz trumpeter. His sophisticated use of harmony, including the use of tritone substitutions, his virtuosic solos exhibiting a departure from. David Roy Eldridge (January 30, – February 26, ), nicknamed "Little Jazz", was an American jazz trumpeter. His sophisticated use of harmony. Roy Eldridge, in full David Roy Eldridge, byname Little Jazz, (born January 30, , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.—died February 26, , Valley Stream.